About Ngorongoro Crater
The Ngorongoro Crater, often called the 'Eighth Wonder of the World,' is a massive volcanic caldera formed millions of years ago. This natural amphitheater spans 260 square kilometers and hosts an estimated 30,000 animals year-round. The crater floor provides a unique ecosystem where predators and prey coexist in remarkable density. You'll encounter the Big Five - lions, elephants, buffaloes, leopards, and the rare black rhinoceros. The alkaline Lake Magadi attracts thousands of flamingos, creating a pink spectacle against the crater walls.
Location & Geography
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that covers 8,292 square kilometers. It's unique because it allows the coexistence of wildlife and the semi-nomadic Maasai people. The crater was formed when a giant volcano exploded and collapsed on itself two to three million years ago. The crater floor is 1,800 meters above sea level and the rim rises to 2,400 meters.
Conservation Efforts
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority manages this unique ecosystem, balancing wildlife conservation with the traditional lifestyle of the Maasai people. The area is crucial for the conservation of the endangered black rhinoceros and serves as a vital water source during the dry season for the greater Serengeti ecosystem.
History & Significance
The Ngorongoro Crater has a long and fascinating history, dating back millions of years to its formation as a volcanic caldera. Fossil evidence suggests early hominid activity in the area. The Maasai people have coexisted with wildlife in the area for centuries, grazing their cattle on the crater highlands. The area was declared a conservation area in 1959, balancing wildlife protection with the traditional Maasai way of life.
Climate & Weather
The Ngorongoro Crater experiences a temperate climate due to its high altitude. Temperatures vary significantly between the crater floor and the rim. The area experiences two distinct seasons with varying rainfall patterns.
November to May - expect afternoon showers and cooler temperatures.
June to October - sunny days and cooler nights, ideal for wildlife viewing.
Getting There
The Ngorongoro Crater is accessible by road from Arusha (180km, 3-4 hours drive). The journey involves driving through the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, offering scenic views. The crater can also be reached by charter flight to nearby airstrips.
Transportation Options:
- Road transfer from Arusha (3-4 hours)
- Charter flights to nearby airstrips
- Organized safari packages from Arusha and other major cities
- Self-drive with 4WD vehicle (recommended)
- Combination road/air transfer
What to Expect
Expect breathtaking views from the crater rim, incredible wildlife encounters on the crater floor, and cultural interactions with the Maasai people. The crater offers a concentrated safari experience with high densities of animals. The landscape varies from grasslands and swamps to forests and lakes.
Best Activities:
- Game drives on the crater floor
- Bird watching around Lake Magadi
- Cultural visits to Maasai villages
- Hiking on the crater rim
- Photography safaris
- Picnic lunches with crater views
- Visit to Olduvai Gorge (optional)
- Hot air ballooning (seasonal)
Photography Tips:
- Panoramic views from the crater rim
- Wildlife action shots on the crater floor
- Flamingos on Lake Magadi
- Elephants in Lerai Forest
- Maasai people in traditional attire
- Sunrise and sunset over the crater
- Black rhinos in their natural habitat
Cultural Information
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area is unique because it allows the coexistence of wildlife and the semi-nomadic Maasai people. The Maasai are pastoralists who have traditionally grazed their cattle in the area. Visitors can learn about Maasai culture through village visits and cultural exchanges. The Maasai are known for their colorful clothing, intricate beadwork, and traditional dances.
Safety & Guidelines
The Ngorongoro Crater is generally safe, but standard safari precautions apply. Maintain safe distance from all wildlife. Follow guide instructions at all times. Be aware of altitude sickness due to the high elevation. Malaria prophylaxis is recommended.
Important Guidelines:
- Maintain safe distance from all wildlife
- Follow park rules and regulations
- Respect Maasai culture and traditions
- Be aware of altitude sickness
- Use sunscreen and wear a hat
- Stay hydrated
- Dispose of waste properly
Quick Facts
Duration
1-3 days
Group Size
2-8 people
Rating
4.9/5.0
Best Time
Year-round, dry season (June-October) preferred for best weather and wildlife viewing
Location
Northern Tanzania
Temperature
15-25°C (59-77°F) - cooler temperatures due to high altitude
Difficulty Level
Moderate - some rough terrain in safari vehicles
What to Pack
- Warm clothing (layers)
- Comfortable walking shoes
- Sunscreen and hat
- Binoculars
- Camera with telephoto lens
- Malaria prophylaxis
- Personal first aid kit
- Cash for souvenirs and tips
Cost Information
Park Fees
$70.80 per person per day for non-residents, $35.40 for East African residents. Vehicle entry fee: $295 per vehicle.
Estimated Budget
Budget: $150-250/day, Mid-range: $300-500/day, Luxury: $700+/day per person including accommodation, meals, and activities.
Highlights
Wildlife & Nature
The Ngorongoro Crater is home to an incredible concentration of wildlife, including the Big Five. The crater floor supports large populations of lions, elephants, buffaloes, and various antelope species. The endangered black rhinoceros is also found in the crater. Lake Magadi attracts thousands of flamingos and other water birds.
Black Rhinoceros
Critically endangered species with one of the densest populations in Africa found here.
African Lion
Large prides roam the crater floor, making it one of the best places to see lions.
Flamingo
Thousands of flamingos create a pink carpet on the alkaline Lake Magadi.
Must-Visit Attractions
The crater floor is the main attraction, offering a concentrated safari experience. Lake Magadi is a scenic alkaline lake that attracts flamingos. Lerai Forest is a fever tree forest that provides shade and habitat for elephants. The crater rim offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
Accommodation Options
Accommodation options range from luxury lodges on the crater rim to mid-range hotels and campsites outside the conservation area. The lodges on the crater rim offer stunning views and exclusive experiences. Campsites provide a more budget-friendly option.
Ngorongoro Crater Lodge
Ultra-luxury lodge perched on the crater rim with breathtaking views
Rhino Lodge
Mid-range accommodation with comfortable rooms and crater views
Ready to Explore Ngorongoro Crater?
Join us for an unforgettable safari experience in one of Tanzania's most spectacular destinations
